**Be aware that new regulations are coming in 2021 that you will need an ETIAS before arrival in Europe**
Note: countries listed are constantly changing, and I won't be able to keep up with those changes. This is just generally speaking, explaining the difference between the three terms.
The Eurozone
These are the countries where the Euro is the Official Currency
Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain.
The European Union
The EU Members don’t all use the Euro, but many things like road signs, etc has been standardized across all of these countries.
28 member countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
The Schengen Area
As far as Immigration, all these countries do it as a group. If you aren’t from the United States, you may need a visa to visit Europe. It doesn’t matter whether you get it from Italy, Spain, etc. because they will ultimately issue you a Schengen Visa, which is good for travel to all of the following countries:
26 European countries (of which 22 are EU states): Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland, Sweden, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.
US Citizens get a maximum of 90 days in any 180-day period visa-free to stay in the Schengen Area. If you are doing a gap year, and want to keep traveling longer than this, after your 90 days are up, you will need to spend 90 days outside the Schengen Area. Such as Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Ireland, the UK, Morocco, Turkey, Egypt, Israel, and Jordan are all cheap to get to and great options for this. You will get 90 more days when you return to the Schengen area after those 90 days away.
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